Efforts to reach sanitation and hygiene for vulnerable groups in Sri Lanka

The paper focuses on the experience gained and on the success of the efforts made by the National Water Supply and Drainage Board (NWSDB) through ADB-assisted Third Water Supply and Sanitation Project (TWSSP) to reach poor and vulnerable with sanitation and hygiene. The TWSSP was implemented through sub-projects in six districts in Sri Lanka and provided sanitary latrines for 81,596 households and 210 units for schools and hospitals. Comprehensive hygiene awareness programmes have also been launched among communities including schools.

Approaches and strategies adopted: People-centred, participatory approaches were adopted whereby target communities were involve effectively in management and O&M. The project introduced an effective Sanitation Revolving Fund, launched child-led school sanitation and hygiene programmes and introduced an action-oriented hygiene awareness programmes. It adopted a strong participatory benefit monitoring mechanism and set up policy guidance for equity.

Institutional: Formation of Community Based Organizations was coupled with encouraging representation of vulnerable groups in the executive committee of CBOs. Local authorities and other relevant institutions were encouraged to provide support, giving preference to the poor and vulnerable. Local Authorities agreed to allocate budget annually for post-project activities. A coordination mechanism was established among stakeholders including community representation.

Socio-economic: The project formed small community groups inclusive of all categories of people.

Technology introduced user friendly and affordable technological options.

Environment: Multiple designs for toilet construction were introduced to suit with a view to the ground situation to protect the environment. Good hygiene behaviour in communities led to protection of the environment.

Achievements: The project ensured that benefits reached marginalized groups through CBOs. A substantial number of people practice good hygiene and health habits.