Table of Contents

The Use of Structured Observations in the Study of Health Behaviour

Glossary
Preface
Introduction General Framework

  • Health intervention projects and the study of behaviour
  • Methods to study health behaviour
  • Participatory and rapid assessments
  • The use of structured observations
  • Research Design

    1. Research team
    2. Preliminary qualitative research
    3. Sampling issues
    4. Observation issues
    5. Pretesting, training and supervision

    Steps in the Use of Structured Observations

    1. Decide if structured observations are needed and can be done considering available resources
    2. Generate list of potential 'key' behaviours through literature review and interviews with informants
    3. Conduct qualitative research to identify which behaviours should be observed and how in a structured format
    4. Refine list of key behaviours and determine the heterogeneity of the population
    5. Identify who to observe, where, and when
    6. Choose type(s) of structured observations to conduct
    7. Estimate reactivity and variability of key behaviours
    8. Design instruments and data sheets
    9. Determine data collection schedule
    10. Train observers and pretest instruments
    11. Implement data collection and data management
    12. Clean data set(s)
    13. Process the data
    14. Conduct data analysis and use study results for project planning, implementation or evaluation

    Bibliography
    Appendices

  • Overview of main behaviours in five behavioural domains related to the prevention of water and sanitation-related diseases
  • Abstract of a health behaviour baseline study for the development of a health education programme
  • Abstract of an educational intervention for altering water-sanitation behaviours to reduce childhood diarrhoea
  • A. Example of a spot check observation form
  • B. Example of a demonstration: asking and observing
  • Example of a field guide for preliminary qualitative research
  • Example of a 'script' of a mealtime observation (part only)
  • Flow chart to assist in selecting type of structured observation
  • Sample figure of estimating reactivity
  • General suggestions regarding the appropriate construction of data collection forms
  • Example of a precoded data sheet used for spot check observations
  • Example of an uncoded, but structured data sheet used for continuous monitoring observations
  • Example of a ratings checklist for household sanitation
  • Formula for calculating data collection parameters
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