Case studies

(53) CIDA (1990) The water utilization project : a case study on a water and health education project in northern Ghana (Report, unpublished document) /- Ottawa, Ont, Canada, Canadian International Development Agency, - vii, 172 p.: box., ill.
ISBN 0662187180

The Water Utilization Project was begun in 1973 as a joint project between the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and the Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation (GWSC) to provide rural water supplies. The first phase of the project consisted primarily of the installation of boreholes and hand pumps. As the project developed, the need for other components was recognized, and as a result of the first phase evaluation came the development and training of Community Water Organizers (a team of one man and one woman per pump) and networks for extension, the promotion of health education and emphasis on women's participation. The Water Utilization Project was carried out in northern Ghana where 90 per cent of the population is rural, most of the labour force is agricultural, and the literacy rate is low. This report describes the different phases, problems, and adaptations in the 18-year-history of the project, such as the development of training materials for health and hygiene from simple drawings to a Radio Learning Group. Recommendations for the future of the project consist of replacement of the present hand pumps with new models, provision of additional water sources such as hand-dug wells, and perhaps a new infrastructure.

[used as basis for Communication cases in WSS booklet]

(54) ElKatsha, Samiha ; Watts, Susan (1993a) A multifaceted approach to health education : a case study from rural Egypt / American University (Cairo, EG). In: International Quarterly of Community Health Education ; vol. 13, no. 2; p. 139149 : 2 tab. 17 ref.
Summarized version also published as: ElKatsha, Samiha; Watts, Susan (1994). A model for health education. In: World health forum ; vol. 15, no. 1 ; p. 2933

This article describes and evaluates an environmental health education project, focusing on water and sanitation issues, which was carried out in two Egyptian villages in the Nile Delta. The study considered various hygiene education strategies carried out by health unit staff, teachers, graduate volunteers and local village leaders who deliver simple environmental health messages in a variety of different settings. The project looked at health education in relation to specific health interventions. The project examined the full context of local behaviour, collaborated with local people, especially women, in the design and implementation of the programme. Specific health education messages focused on water storage, infant feeding, hand washing, food preparation, latrine cleanliness, and the preparation of dung cakes for fuel. Overall, the programme stressed the linkages between behaviour, cycles of disease transmission, and environmental sanitation; how and why diseases are transmitted in relation to the daily practices of household members. The experience of the project was used to develop a broad based model for health education.

(55) McIntyre, Peter (1993) Communication case studies for the water supply and sanitation sector / Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (Geneva, CH) ; IRC (The Hague, NL). Rev. ed. . The Hague, Netherlands : Core Group on Information, Education and Communication in Water Supply and Sanitation c/o IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, 17 p.

Eight 2 -pages case studies provide compelling evidence that effective communication contribute to better programmes in water supply, latrine promotion, diarrhoeal disease control, guinea worm eradication and integrated agriculture. The booklet can be used together with the Resource Booklet , Gorre-Dale et.al (1993). The case studies on water supply, sanitation and guinea worm eradication are from Nigeria, Ghana, India, Bangladesh, Egypt, Philippines, Lesotho and Mexico.