Hygiene education and behaviour

(18) Gibbs, William ; Mutunga, Peter (1991) Health into mathematics / British Council (London, GB) ; ChildtoChild Trust (London, GB). Harlow, Essex, UK : Longman, xi, 163 p. : ill., fig., tab. (Health across the curriculum ; no. 1)
ISBN 0582058392

This book is based on the first of series of workshops held in Africa and funded by the British Council and ChildtoChild. The workshops were designed to develop materials which would help primary school teachers link health education with other areas of the curriculum. The book gives examples of health messages which teachers can include in mathematics lessons as well as examples of mathematical activities which they can use when teaching health education. The mathematics topics cover measurement, statistics, ratio, percentage and problem solving. The health education subjects include water and sanitation, oral rehydration, nutrition, immunization, and growth monitoring. There are activities for lower, middle, and upper levels. Many activities refer to the health situation in Kenya.

(19) Hubley, John (1993) Communicating health : an action guide to health education and health promotion / London, UK : Macmillan Press, x, 246 p. : fig., tab.

Bibliography: p. 229234. Includes addressl ist and index
ISBN 0333576899

This book provides practical information for those who find themselves in a position of having to plan programmes to improve community health. It presents a stateoftheart review of current practice in developing countries as well as approaches from industrialised countries. The overall structure of the book follows the pattern of basic concept core theory specific methods implementation. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to health education and health promotion. Chapters 2-4 are the core chapters, dealing with human behaviour, communication and teaching. Chapters 5-10 give details of particular methods. Chapter 11 provides guidelines on planning, evaluation and implementation. The author states that what may work in one community may not work in another. He stresses the need to apply these methods in a systematic way, learn from mistakes, involve the communities and evaluate, in order to improve the effectiveness of the activities.

(20) Martines, Jose ; Simpson-Hebert, Mayling (1993) Improving water and sanitation hygiene behaviours for the reduction of diarrhoeal disease : the report of an informal consultation, Geneva, 18-20 May 1992 /; WHO (Geneva, CH). Geneva, Switzerland : Community Water Supply and Sanitation Unit and Control of Diarrhoeal Disease Programme, World Health Organization, 20 p. : fig.
WHO/CWS/90.7 WHO/CDD/93.5
Bibliography: p. 910 + p. 1415

Epidemiological evidence shows that diarrhoeal morbidity can be reduced through improved hygiene behaviours, even when the provision of appropriate water and sanitary hardware is not feasible. However, hygiene education interventions often target too many behaviours or behaviours that would have limited impact in reducing the disease burden. In addition, the water and sanitation sector suffers from a lack of innovative approaches to hygiene education. After reviewing the epidemiological evidence, this consultation first identified a set of key hygiene behaviours which, if adopted, can lead to reductions in diarrhoeal morbidity, then stressed the need for the dissemination of more effective approaches to hygiene education, especially public health communications, participatory methods and school hygiene education. Three hygiene behaviours which could lead to the greatest reduction of diarrhoeal morbidity were identified as being: i. safer disposal of faeces; ii. hand washing (after defecation, after handling babies' faeces, before feeding and eating, and before preparing food); and iii. maintaining drinking water free from faecal contamination, in the home and at the source.

(21) UNESCO; WHO ; UNICEF (1992) Comprehensive school health education : suggested guidelines for action / Geneva, Switzerland : World Health Organization, 51 p. : 16 boxes
WHO/UNESCO/UNICEF/92.2

Descriptors: health education / schools / policies / planning / guidelines / bahrain / india / kenya / libya / namibia / nigeria / papua new guinea / philippines / sri lanka / syria / uruguay / europe / usa

(22) Werner, David ; Bower, Bill (1982) Helping health workers learn : a book of methods, aids, and ideas for instructors at the village level / Hesperian Foundation (Paolo Alto, CA, US). Paolo Alto : Hesperian Foundation, 632 p.

Descriptors: health education / child health / public health / health personnel / manuals / audio-visual aids

(23) Williams, Glen (1989) All for health : a resource book for Facts for Life / UNICEF (New York, NY, US). New York, NY, USA : Facts for

Life Unit, UNICEF, xvii, 72 p. : photogr.

Descriptors: health education / child health / communications media / campaigns / persuasion

(24) Yacoob, May ; Braddy, Barri ; Edwards, Lynda (1992) Rethinking sanitation : adding behavioural change to the project mix / WASH (Arlington, VA, US). Arlington, VA, USA : Water and Sanitation for Health Project, vi, 44 p. : 2 fig. (WASH technical report ; no. 72)

42 ref.

Document seeks to introduce project planners and managers to the concept that, in addition to infrastructure improvements, consideration must also be given to hygiene behaviour changes when aiming to achieve health benefits with water supply and sanitation projects. The authors point out that in the past too much emphasis has been placed on technological solutions, without due consideration being given to behavioural considerations such as safe excreta disposal, protection of drinking water sources, and the need for handwashing before handling food. Such measures could significantly improve community health. The report is neither a howto manual nor a comprehensive guideline, but instead an attempt to discuss the how and why of behavioural change as an element of water and sanitation projects.