Research

Groundwater pollution: impact of on-site sanitation in Africa

07 Sep 07

By 2010 Africa's urban population will have grown to over 420 million with on-site sanitation the predominant excreta disposal option. The use of on-site sanitation has important public health benefits, but can result in large faecally derived loadings of nitrogen and chloride to groundwater resources.

Wastewater reuse: health risks from peri-urban farms in India

27 Jul 07

Small farmers who irrigate crops with wastewater in peri-urban areas of Varanasi, India, show higher levels of contamination in soils and crops and may be putting themselves and others at risk.

Handwashing: probing motivation of mothers in Ghana

27 Jul 07

Two linked studies in Ghana suggest that mothers are more likely to wash their hands with soap because they want to look after their children well and avoid disgusting smells, rather than being motivated by fear of disease.

Arsenic: lung and bladder cancer deaths continue decades after exposure ends

13 Jul 07

Arsenic exposure appears to continue causing lung and bladder cancer deaths years after exposure ends, according to research in Chile.

Food hygiene: microbiological quality of fish grown in wastewater-fed aquaculture

13 Jul 07

Fish grown in two wastewater-fed ponds and one non-wastewater-fed pond in Hanoi, Viet Nam, were sampled at harvest and in local retail markets.

Hygiene: prepaid water negative for handwashing, South Africa

13 Jun 07

Prepaid water meters impact negatively on handwashing behaviour, raising the risk of water-borne diseases in lower-income communities, a report by health experts has found. The research involved 107 households from Soweto in Johannesburg.

Water quality interventions: cost-effectiveness of non-piped sources and household treatment

13 Jun 07

Household-based chlorination was the most cost-effective where resources are limited; household filtration yields additional health gains at higher budget levels, researchers report from a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Household chlorination: sustainability Safe Water Systems assessed in Zambia

13 Jun 07

To assess the potential sustainability of the Safe Water Systems, a research team in Zambia analyzed costs in Zambia of "Clorin" brand product sold in bottles sufficient for a month of water treatment at a price of $0.09.

Safe Water System: less diarrhoea through simple water treatment at school in Kenya

13 Jun 07

Clinic visits for diarrhoea in a Kenyan school peaked during the January through March period in 2002 at 130 and in 2003 at 71, but in 2004, after project implementation, only 13 diarrhoea episodes were recorded.

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